Male Cultural Competence response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Male Cultural Competence reaction - Assignment Example Hence, the multiculturalism foundation stays in setting up a proper comprehension of people’s sociopolitical accounts just as the people’s narratives and the gatherings to which they have a place. During medicines, it is altogether significant for the improvement of a partnership between the clinician and the customer for a superior treatment. In such a point of view, manly situated treatment doesn't really imply that the clinician has interests in an individual’s manliness; in any case, such data is significant for the foundation of a partnership. From the understudy post, it is clear that the patient is given unacceptable treatment dependent on his past practices. On account of segregations, it is legitimate that clinicians comprehend their therapist’s values and perspective so as to build up a solid partnership during treatment and offer suitable treatment (Healy, 2005). All things considered, the clinicians and another clinical staff would offer medici nes with no inclination, or suspicions by understanding that in fact individuals are not quite the same as the shifted social differences. Proper preparing and instruction are essential in the advancement of male-socially suitable intercessions and systems, particularly for advisors as in cases of figuring out how to examine issues of race and prejudice. Male as a sex has certain attributes and initiates related with it. Thusly, men will in general partake in specific exercises, having the qualities based methodology, which are preferably constructive elements of commitment in advancing the accessible conditions for constructive turn of events and inventiveness in the minimization of the conceivable hazard rehearses (Berg-Weger et al., 2001). Certain elementsâ of theâ maleâ strengths approach of a man’s cooperation with other men include the acknowledgment and spotlight on qualities and abilities as a methods for reacting to difficulties that one faces just as depersonal izing the issues.

Phase Separation Solution Company Market Alternatives Assignment - 25

Stage Separation Solution Company Market Alternatives - Assignment Example Regularly, the center and the crucial rationale to turn into a worldwide firm is to access new wellsprings of income. Elements that have soaked and depleted their nearby markets share and have thusly evaporated development and extension openings near their neighborhood home can go to global development to develop and grow their field of business. Productive and compelling route in various national markets activity gives an a lot more extensive client and market base from which an association can rapidly create business. This guarantees an organization can make new income while limiting costs that are basic to procuring benefits. It’s of principal significance and embodiment for Phase Separation Solution organization to wander into the worldwide market, through the Chinese chance. This will empower the organization enhances its market from a national level to a worldwide stage. Subsequently, because of the expanded market, it's capital base will rise fundamentally (International Trade, 2012). The way that the Chinese requests about the conceivable market openings were earnest, wandering into the new market for Phase Separation Solution Company is a genuine article, It’s essential to take note of that China is the most populated nation, and consequently the organization can exploit modest work in the market. Along these lines, the organization will ostensibly go far in saving money on its operational expense. The operational size of the recently framed organization with Chinese undertakings and size of the new companies will definitely give Phase Separation Solution Company an opportunity of profiting by the immense economies of scale that gives the best approach to bring down normal costs and expenses for its new purchasers in the Chinese market. It is of especially basic and significant for those business associations that convey very high fixed costs, much the same as on account of carriers and vehicle producing.

Real Estate Classifieds An Overview Of The Worlds Largest Players

Real Estate Classifieds An Overview Of The World’s Largest Players These days, you can get almost anything from, or through, the internet: jobs, apparel, mobile devices, pets, personal services, motor vehicles, and even heavy equipment. So it should not come as any surprise that even real estate and similar properties should also be listed online. © Shutterstock.com | JirsakIn this article, you will first find about 1) why to use online real estate classifieds at all, and then about 2) the worlds largest real estate classifieds.WHY USE ONLINE REAL ESTATE CLASSIFIEDS?In the past, those who are hunting for homes or properties had two avenues available to them: browse the property listings in the classifieds section of the dailies or ad publications, and go directly to a real estate agency and enlist the help of qualified real estate agents in finding a house, an apartment, or even a piece of land for them.Online real estate classifieds have certainly become more active in recent years, with more and more people preferring to take their real estate transactions online, for various reasons.Online real estate classifieds is an inexpensive way to look for a property, or for sellers and lessors to list their properties. In fact, many online property listing websites offer this service for free, while sellers have to pay a considerab le sum to list their house or property in a newspaper of local or nationwide circulation. The listing can even run for a long time, until the property has been sold or leased. In the case of newspapers, it will only be for a limited period, and they will only let you run the ad again when you pay another fee for the succeeding period. You are also, in effect, your very own real estate agent, allowing you to save the money you would have had paid for the services of an agent.Quick and easy. Listing your property online is easy and quick, since these websites often have a template where all you have to do is fill in some details and upload photos for the ad to be completed. The listing is also quick to appear on the website â€" almost instantly. You no longer have to wait for a slot to open up in newspaper classifieds for your listing to finally appear.Users who are looking for a property to buy or lease can easily find what they are looking for just by using the real estate classifie ds’ search functionalities. This certainly saves a lot of time, since it dispenses with the hours spent poring over listings of irrelevant properties until you find what you are looking for.Faster communication. Communication between potential sellers and buyers is much faster and easier when done online. Once a property has been spotted by a prospective buyer, he can immediately contact the seller and make the necessary inquiries.More leeway. Sellers find themselves limited with the amount of details about the property they are selling or renting out if they use a newspaper, since it would mean having to pay a higher fee. This is not a limitation in most online real estate classifieds, since many of them even allow up to 5 photos of the property uploaded, with the seller able to provide as much information as they want about the property.Broader audience. Online real estate classifieds have a wider reach than local publications, because it is possible for prospective buyers clear across the country to look for property in your locale.THE WORLD’S LARGEST REAL ESTATE CLASSIFIEDSReal estate classifieds have increasingly become competitive, with more and more websites cropping up, claiming to be the best and most reliable real estate listings service providers. Let us take a look at the biggest and most popular real estate websites in the world today.Zillow (www.zillow.com)Zillow is certainly one of the largest online real estate website today, having the most expansive database on homes and properties across the United States. This is, in large part, due to its partnership with Yahoo! Real Estate in 2009, followed by key acquisitions, including that of real estate shopping platform Buyfolio and real estate and rental listings company HotPads, among others.Zillow users have access to many functionalities and features once they log into the site. Some of the things that users can expect from Zillow are listed below.Large database. Zillow boasts one of the larg est real estate database online, with information on more than 110 million homes across the country. It also serves the rental market, or those who are looking for a space or home to rent, instead of buying outright.Value estimates and changes. Users can get value estimates from Zillow, and even look into possible changes in value of homes over a specific period of time.Price comparisons. Users shopping for homes â€" particularly those who are sticking to a limited budget â€" would like to compare prices on homes within a geographical area.Detailed information. Aside from the basic information on the property, more details are provided to users, including aerial views.Expert customer support. The website has a group or community of experts that provide advice and assistance, particularly when it comes to answering queries on real estate. This is via the feature aptly called “Zillow Advice”.On November 2015, Zillow Group joined forces with Google Compare for Mortgages, which furt her widened the reach of Zillow as one of the largest real estate media networks in the United States. This allows Zillow users real-time access to up-to-date mortgage rates, as well as ratings and reviews on lenders, enabling them to make better and more informed business and financial decisions, particularly when it comes to real estate investments.Trulia (www.trulia.com)Real estate is a dynamic and complex market, and Trulia came in with the objective of simplifying the home search process for everyone. Since its founding in 2004, it has grown to become one of the largest online residential real estate websites for real estate professionals and private individuals looking to sell, buy or rent properties.Trulia makes use of its website and mobile apps to deliver various products and services to its users. Aside from providing a listing of homes for sale and rent, Trulia also offers the following:Information on price trends. Trulia makes use of listings and public data to provide i nformation on price trends of homes over a specific time period.Price comparisons. Trulia also enables users to compare the prices of homes within the same city, zip code, or region.Crime maps. By teaming up with companies such as EveryBlock.com, SpotCrime.com and CrimeReports.com, Trulia is able to provide crime statistics comparisons and curated crime maps in most metropolitan areas in the United States. This is a good feature for users who prefer to buy property in safe neighborhoods or areas with low to no crimes.Detailed listings. Aside from basic information on the properties listed, the listings also include other useful information, such as local schools, hospitals and public facilities and amenities within the surrounding area of the property being looked into.Agent directory. The website also provides a list or directory of real estate agents and brokers, mortgage brokers or lenders, builders, developers and property managers within a specific city or state.Real estate pro fessionals tools. Real estate professionals are also assisted by Trulia when it comes to creating more real estate leads and meeting more homebuyers, so they can grow their business and build their own online brand. Real estate professionals can also avail of the services of a sales consultant from Trulia to create an advertising campaign.Commute or transit maps. Trulia has also teamed up with Interactive Commuter and Transit maps to display the commute or driving times to and from the property.Trulia also happens to belong to the Zillow Group after an acquisition deal was completed on on July 2014.Yahoo! Homes (www.homes.yahoo.com)Also known as Yahoo! Real Estate, Yahoo! Homes is essentially a platform that offers shopping services for real estate properties. Also powered by Zillow, it has built itself up as an online resource for buying, selling, renting, and even improving a home.So what can you expect from using Yahoo! Homes as your home search classifieds?Large database. Yahoo! has partnered with Zillow, which provides the real estate listings within the United States. That means it taps into one of the largest real estate networks in the country, giving consumers more results when they do a search on Yahoo! Homes.Easy and quick ad creation. Sellers and home owners can submit an ad by simply filling in the template provided for posting a real estate listing. It only takes a few hours after submission for the ad to appear, and will run until such time that Zillow removes it, which is basically when it has already been sold or rented out.Easy and hassle-free search function. Looking for real estate is made easy, since Yahoo! Homes made categorizations clear. Users can filter their search accordingly of properties that are for sale or for rent. There are also listings for foreclosures and new homes for those who are more particular about their searches.Home Improvement. Aside from just selling, buying, renting or leasing homes, Yahoo! Homes has another funct ionality for home improvement. It also provides useful tips on home design, makeovers, and decorations.Realtor.com (www.realtor.com)The slogan of Realtor.com is “real estate in real time”, specifically for buyers, sellers and renters of homes.Realtor.com has proven itself to be one of the major players in real estate classifieds, displaying rapid growth compared to its competitors since it was launched in 1996. In fact, comScore recognized Realtor.com as the “fastest growing online real estate service provider in the first half of 2015”. Here are some of the reasons why.Large listings database. Realtor.com has collaborated with more than 800 multiple listing service providers, resulting in millions of reliable listings or advertisements for for-sale properties.Updated listings. Realtor.com prides itself on being able to provide the most comprehensive and accurate information at any time, claiming that more than 90% of all listings on the site is updated every 15 minutes. Thi s way, users will not have to worry about wasting their time on properties that are no longer available but are still listed on the site.Website and mobile experience. The brains behind Realtor.com made it available in both platforms, giving more users a more convenient and user-friendly website and mobile customer experience.Useful tools for real estate professionals. Professionals in the real estate field that are looking to grow their business can take advantage of the many tools â€" mostly free â€" provided by Realtor.com. These include the premier listing indicator ListHub, the real estate marketing software TopProducer, the online real estate transaction management software Reesio, and the lead consolidation and response software FiveStreet.RedFin (www.redfin.com)Although the company was founded in 2004, it officially launched its home buying and selling services in 2006, mostly focusing on residential real estate. It went on to win the Seattle 2.0 “Best Startup” Award in 2010 and was named in 2012 by Business Insider as one of the Digital 100: World’s Most Valuable Private Tech Companies.Homebuyers and homesellers choose RedFin for a variety of reasons:Lower listing fee. In order to submit an ad on real estate websites, sellers are often required to pay a listing fee. Most sites charge around 3% as listing fee. RedFin, however, charges only 1.5%, which is considerably lower than what other sites charge.Reliable listings. Redfin operates mainly as a brokerage business, unlike other real estate classifieds that earn primarily from lead generation and advertising. It has its own real estate agents, who make or broker the sale, and brings in the money. This means that they will be able to pay more attention to the quality of listings, such that scams and bogus advertisements are eliminated.Highly reliable agents. This is because RedFin directly employs its agents on a salary, instead of commission, basis. Transparency is also encouraged, since agent r eviews are readily available on the site.Homes.com (www.homes.com)Aside from real estate marketing and media services, Homes.com also provides other online marketing services such as reputation management, brand advertising, and lead generation. It initially started as a website for Homes and Land Publishing way back in 1993, until it finally evolved into a real estate classifieds site.When it comes to traffic market share, Homes.com is not far behind Trulia and Zillow. Here are some of the reasons why this real estate classifieds command such high patronage from users.Updated price estimates. Thanks to its Home Values channel, Homes.com is able to provide real-time automated estimates of the prices and values of homes and properties, as well as area demographics and details. Users can also request for home estimates.Advanced and easy search features. Homes.com comes with advanced search filters that facilitate quick and easy searching of properties. All prospective buyers should do is to enter parameters such as specific property features, price and price ranges, property type, and location, and the database will do the work. It also boasts GPS search functionality for easier and more accurate locating of properties in nearby locations.Availability in both Android and iOS devices. The mobile app of Homes.com was designed for use by both Android and iOS users.ApartmentGuide (www.apartmentguide.com)Specializing in rental of apartments, ApartmentGuide.com is all about connecting “apartment consumers to their ideal place to live”. Not all users are out to look for a place to buy, and not all sellers are planning to completely part with their property. Their option is to rent an apartment or, on the part of homeowners, have other people rent their property for a specific period of time. Instead of having their listings buried under the weight of many for-sale ads, they find it better to advertise on a classifieds site that focuses on apartment rentals.There ar e many reasons why many prefer to head over to ApartmentGuide.com instead of the larger real estate classifieds sites.Superior search capability. ApartmentGuide.com features a multi-platform search function, so finding what they are looking for takes very little time and difficulty. Indicate the desired location, as well as the type of apartment and number of beds or rooms available. You can also specify a price range, and indicate special requirements, such as air-conditioning, amenities and distance from various facilities and public services. Even pet owners can specify in their search apartments that allow pets.User-friendly interface. Users find the site easy to navigate, with a lot of mobile and social media tools and solutions they can use to improve their overall user experience. It also works on mobile, since it has applications developed for iOS. Other tools that users find very useful include the Social Media Manager and Reputation Monitor.Moving suggestions. The site’s commitment to users does not end once the transaction has been closed between the homeowner and the renter. The latter can also ask for assistance in finding qualified movers within the area to help them move into their new apartment and get settled in.These are only a few of the most active and popular real estate classifieds that you can find online. With the way real estate websites are being launched, improved and enhanced, there is no doubt that there will be more choices in the future. This is actually a good thing, as it gives more sellers, buyers, dealers and real estate professionals more platforms to find what they are looking for.

The Middle Ages or the Dark Ages Essay - 786 Words

The Middle Ages Imagine having to bury your own children. How awful would that be? The Middle Ages were a brutal time that included the bubonic plague, many wars and other horrible things. This period is considered to be one of religion and the Catholic Church, but this was overshadowed by chaos and confusion. Although the Middle Ages is often known as the age of faith, a more appropriate title for the time period would be The Dark Ages because of the black death, wars and the collapse of government. The Black Death caused intense suffering and many problems across Europe. According to the book, The Black Plague the black death started when a twenty-five year old man who skinned a sick bobcat. â€Å"A Few days after this, the rancher began†¦show more content†¦As you can see the Black Death had a devastating effect on Europe, but its damaging effect was multiplied by the wars. Wars, attacks and invasions were common during the Middle Ages. The early period had seen the fall of the Roman Empire and this must have contributed to a destabilizing effect. For example, the Turks and Arabs attacked and conquered the people living in Romania, also known as the Byzantine Empire. As stated by Pope Urban II, â€Å"They have killed and captured many, and have destroyed the churches and devastated the empire† (Doc 9). As this quote shows the Turks and Arabs completely destroyed the empire. Also, in 842 there was a great slaughter in England that killed many people. as stated by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, â€Å"842 in this year there was a great slaughter in London and Quentavic and in Rochester† (Doc 3). As this quote shows, things seem chaotic, out of control and very unsafe during the middle ages. These wars, attacks and invasions caused mayhem but the situation only got worse when the system of government was eroded. Finally, the system of government crashed. Trade stopped and a lot of peasants abandoned their fields. It got so bad that people started to take refuge in the mountains. As stated by Frantz Funck-Brentano, â€Å"The people have gone to cower in the depths of the forest or in inaccessible regions, or have taken refuge in high mountains. Society has no longer any government† (Doc 1). As thisShow MoreRelatedThe Middle Ages : A Look At The Dark Ages718 Words   |  3 PagesZachary Plew 4/18/17 The Middle Ages is associated with the Dark Ages due to the period including social disorder, political turmoil and widespread disease. The Middle Ages was a period between 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D. during which Europe experienced many drastic changes following the fall of Rome. Some of these changes were beneficial, but the changes also caused negative effects too. Overall, the Middle Ages was a dark time for Europe. The Middle Ages was a dark time for Europe because thereRead MoreMiddle Ages: Dark or Not? Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagesdownfall was called the Middle Ages, more infamously recalled as the Dark Ages; but were these years truly as dark as historians say? These medieval times lasted for approximately one thousand years, could such a long time period have been all that dreadful? The answer will soon become clear. The Middle Ages deserved to have the alias of the Dark Ages because there were several severe illnesses, the monarchs were cruel, and the crusades brought the death of many. The Middle Ages are known for its abundantRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Middle Ages And The Dark Ages762 Words   |  4 PagesThe Middle Ages: possibly the wildest time in history. Wars brought to the forefront of everyday life while advances were constantly being made in almost all ways. Tragedy over progress, development over catastrophe. Some call the Medieval period the ‘Age of Faith’ or ‘Age of Feudalism’- one is significantly is less true than the other. Speaking in terms of a truly correct label, there is none- but the closest comes in a blend of ‘The Dark Ages’ and ‘The Golden Age’. The Middle Ages should be labeledRead MoreSimilarities Between The Middle Ages And The Dark Ages963 Words   |  4 Pagesdebated in a history class is â€Å"The Middle Ages† also known as the â€Å"The Dark Ages.† In class for an activity we were given a video to watch called â€Å"The Revolution.† A Tv show in which a ll electricity is shut off, such as water, electronics, radios, lights, ect. This causes another â€Å"Dark age.† Although the show is not real and is only fiction it does hold similarities to this event in the past. One parallel between the two would be â€Å"no democracy.† In both the Dark Age during the fall of Rome and RevolutionRead MoreThe Middle Ages : The Age Of The Middle Ages830 Words   |  4 PagesMiddle Ages The middle ages are described as 1,000-year period. The 1,000 years are marked from the moment Costantine, the Roman Emperor, made Christianity an official religion of the empire. People saw the middle ages as an â€Å"in between† period in time. The phrase â€Å"Middle Ages† to describe Europe between the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century. Historians usually divide the Middle Ages into three smaller periods called the Early Middle Ages, the HighRead MoreThe Decline Of The Middle Ages1506 Words   |  7 Pages The Middle Ages is a medieval time period in Western Europe that lasted from 500 to 1500 C.E. The Middle Ages began as a result from the collapse of the Roman Empire which began in 31 BCE, and fell in 476 C.E. In around 300 C.E. the emperor of the Rome divided the land for easier control. This began the decline of Rome. The Western half of Rome fell to Barbarian invaders, while the eastern half lived on as the Byzantine Empire. The Early Middle Ages began shortly after the western half fell. AfterRead MoreThe Age Of Europe During The Medieval Era1717 Words   |  7 PagesBetween the years 500 A.D. and 1400 A.D., a time referred to as the Middle Ages occurred in Europe. This era began as the Roman Empire collapsed, following the disorder that occurred because of the destruction of the Romans. During this dark time, there was much disorder. Eventually, this time period led to the rise of feudalism, the immense power of the Roman Catholic Church, and many advancements in architecture , literacy, and art. The variety of events that occurred in this period allowed historiansRead MoreEssay about The Deserving Titles for the Middle Ages896 Words   |  4 Pagesperiod of slow development called the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages occurred around 500 A.D. to 1400 A.D. The Middle Ages were split into several different time periods called the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages, and the Late Middle Ages, each period contributing to the tension or progress of the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages is deserving of the titles Age of Feudalism due to this governing style influencing the social order of the society and the Dark Ages because this time was plagued with diseaseRead MoreThe Middle Ages And Medieval Ages1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle Ages or Medieval Ages is the time period in Europe between the fall of Rome and the beginning of the Renaissance (History). For this paper it will be referred to as the Middle Ages. This time is also sometimes described as the Dar k Ages by some because of some of the bad events that happened and because they say nothing of importance came out of the time period. It is true Rome fell, there were many wars which caused many to die, a shortage of food that caused many to die and an awfulRead MoreThe Best Titles and Descriptions for the Middle Ages Essay702 Words   |  3 Pages1400 A.D. were most commonly known as the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages was a time period where several events had occurred, each supporting a different label for this era. The Middle Ages deserve the titles of the Age of Feudalism and the Dark Ages because people needed stability and relied on higher government officials for protection, and there were many wars and there was no organized government. However, the Middle Ages can be best described as the Age of Faith because the Church had power over

Summary Of The Taming Of The Shrew - 977 Words

Instead of arranged marriages in this movie it is portrayed as whether Bianca can date or not. In 10 Things I Hate About You Dr. Stratford, who is the father of Kat and Bianca, loves them both very much. Kat does not like to listen to her father’s rule, while Bianca puts on an act to be the more liked child. This describes how Bianca is not really an angel child; however, that is what her father sees. In the beginning of both movies, the sisters are always fighting. The problem remains that one can’t do something until the older one does it first. For example, in The Taming of the Shrew Bianca cannot marry before her sister, however in 10 Things I Hate About You, Bianca cannot date or go out with a guy unless her sister is as well.†¦show more content†¦In 10 Things I Hate About You, Kat has to decide whether to stay at home and make Bianca stay away from Cameron and Joey or conform to social norms so her sister can attend prom and go on dates. In The Taming of the Shrew, Bianca has several suitors including Lucentio, Hortensio, and Gremio. They are all trying to gain her love. One example of them attempting is Bianca is in search of a teacher, all of her suitors hear the news and pretend to be teachers to get close to her. In 10 Things I Hate About You there is a great deviation from The Taming of the Shrew. Instead of suitors trying to be her teacher, there is Cameron and Joey who both want to be with her. Cameron is a sweet guy who is out of her league. Joey is very popular and always gets what he wants with girls. At first Bianca is attracted to Joey, then she realizes how terrible of a guy he is. She now has the choice of being with the popular guy who thinks too much of himself or the sweet guy whose personality has substance. Bianca ends up kissing Cameron first when he is too scared to do it himself. A difference between the two movies is the symbolism of kissing. In The Taming of the Shrew, there was a kiss at Katherine’s w edding as the bride and groom are married. Katherine was ready to get married, but not ready for a kiss. It was a forced kiss that she was not expecting. It meant a beginning of their relationship. Another kiss was at Bianca’sShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare’s romantic comedy, The Taming of1100 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare’s romantic comedy, The Taming of the Shrew, is an embodiment of the context in which the text was shaped, the Renaissance. The Renaissance period was a time of progression, primarily in the areas of art, science, humanism, religion and self-awareness. The Renaissance focused on taking elements of the past including religion, art and science and adapting them to make them better. Humanists advocated for the freedom of the individualsRead MoreAnalysis Of Katherina In The Taming Of The Shrew801 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†, has without a doubt concentrated on the taming of the plays fundamental character, Katherina. With the Renaissance move towards logic and reason, civilizing citizens is a noteworthy concern in Shakespeares play. Katherinas human advancement along these lines comes to fill in as a model not just for the other ladies of the play, but also the audience (Detmer, 275). The play turns into a model for investigatin g Renaissance changes in the society concerning sexual orientationRead MoreArchetypes in Taming of the Shrew1239 Words   |  5 PagesTaming of the Shrew is a romantic comedy written by William Shakespeare in the 1500’s. It takes place in the city of Padua, presumably during the Italian Renaissance. The major conflict of the play is ‘taming’ a hot-headed woman named Katherine and to overcome the rule her father holds on his two daughters where the eldest marries first. The script brings up a lot of attention in the feminist theory. But, Shakespeare’s play reflects on the archetypes of characters, situations, and symbols. TheseRead MoreTaming Of The Shrew Analysis741 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew is a play that shows how men are misogynistic towards women and how marriage is brought out to be in many relationships. Marriage is a significant element in the lives of the characters in The Taming of the Shrew because arran ged marriages, the objectification of women and the buying of a wife create a misogynistic treatment of women in the play. This illustrates unfair and unjust behaviour towards women. All the marriages in this play were arrangedRead MoreShakespeare and Women vs. Society and Queen Elizabeth Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pagesdie, (5.3) This shows Shakespeares thoughts on the nurturing and caring side that all women have and how amazing the feeling is to be loved by a woman. In The Taming of the Shrew, Katherine rejects all men and doesnt conform to the role desired by her of society. Instead she acts in a manner only approved for men and thus is named a shrew by society. I say, a devil. Thinkest thou, Hortensio, though her father be very rich, any man is so very a fool to be married to hell? (1.1) With this, WilliamRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1149 Words   |  5 PagesKyung Jin Kim Limon AP Lang Per. 5 23 November 2015 Biographical Summary Despite being a world-renown playwright, William Shakespeare remains to this very day a man with a past shrouded in mystery. Very few documents provide historians insight on his personal life. In fact, the record of Shakespeare in his earliest years is limited to a mere baptismal record that reveals his birth date to be around April 26, 1564. Fifty-two years later from that day, Shakespeare would be interred at Trinity ChurchRead MoreEssay on Did William Shakespeare Write the Plays and Sonnets or Not?1488 Words   |  6 Pages which was beneath them. That being said, it was supposedly it is one of the reasons why he would become anonymous if he was to post anything. The main evidence people use to prove that he was in fact the write was his book Promus. According to Summary of Baconian Evidence for Shakespeare Authorship, the only Shakespeare notebook, which is a collection of words, phrases and sentences, is actually Promus written by Francis Bacon himself. Promus was written bet ween the years of 1594-1956, whereasRead MoreShakespeare As A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1922 Words   |  8 Pagesfirst tetralogy, which mimics the events of the Kings Henry VI and Richard III, King John centered on the Kings right to the throne. Shakespeare not along just wrote plays that applied to history he also included some comedy plays such as The Taming of the Shrew, The comedy of Errors, The Gentlemen of Vernon. A popular play of Shakespeare A Midsummer Night’s Dream, tells a story of courtship within the suffering of Love, such as Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare had a long list of plays of Tragedy of nobleRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Love Found and Conflict Resolved1972 Words   |  8 Pagesthe sexes can start out on the rocks and end up in a good state. The battle of the sexes is a staple of English medieval humor and of Shakespeares own early comedy: Berowne and Rosaline in Loves Labors Lost, Petruchio and Katherine in The Taming of the Shrew. The m erry war between Beatrice and Benedick is Shakespeares finest achievement in this vein . . . (Bevington, 216).    It is obvious that Beatrice and Benedick are obsessed with each other, they speak harshly to one another, yet atRead MoreEssay on Biography of William Shakespeare2736 Words   |  11 Pagesworks of Shakespeare have been studied, analyzed, and enjoyed as some of the finest masterpieces of the English language. Major Works: Plays 2 Henry VI, 3 Henry VI, 1 Henry VI ,Richard III, The Comedy of Errors, Titus Andronicus, The Taming of the Shrew, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Loves Labours Lost, Romeo and Juliet, Richard II, A Midsummer Nights Dream, King John, The Merchant of Venice, 1 Henry IV, 2 Henry IV, Much Ado About Nothing, Henry V, Julius Caesar, As You Like It (1599--1600);

Five Factor Model Personality Inventory Free Essays

1. Use the Five Factor Model Personality Inventory to rate yourself on the Big Five personality dimensions. Describe each factor of your Big Five Personality Inventory. We will write a custom essay sample on Five Factor Model Personality Inventory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Which factor shows the greatest value in predicting your behavior? Why does it? Select one of your friends. Identify the qualities that make that person substantially different from you. In what ways are you basically similar? Which dominates, the differences or similarities? You must attach the Five Factor Model Personality Inventory together with your answers. Answer: The Big Five Personality is broad categories of personality traits. While there is a significant body of literature supporting this five-factor model of personality, researchers don’t always agree on the exact labels for each dimension. The Big Five Personality Inventory includes agreeableness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Emotion stability and Openness to experience. Agreeableness means that the person is a good natured, co-operative, softhearted and trusting. Agreeableness also has an interpersonal component. Agreeable individuals tend toward conformity in groups, toward modesty, toward not being demanding, and toward being sympathetic. These individuals might be motivated toward helping others and toward prosocial behaviour in general. There may be a link between the motivational processes operating within individuals in regards to this trait, such that agreeable individuals strive for intiacy and solidarity in groups they belong to, which provides emotional rewards. People scoring low on agreeableness place self-interest above getting along with others. They are usually more cautious about other’s agendas; they may feel that others are out to better their own self-interest. Extraversion is â€Å"the act, state, or habit of being predominantly concerned with and obtaining gratification from what is outside the self†. Extraverts tend to enjoy human interactions and to be enthusiastic, talkative, assertive, and gregarious. They take pleasure in activities that involve large social gatherings, such as parties, community activities, public demonstrations, and business or political groups. Politics, teaching, sales, managing, brokering, and acting are fields that favor extraversion. An extraverted person is likely to enjoy time spent with people and find less reward in time spent alone. They tend to be energized when around other people, and they are more prone to boredom when they are by themselves. Conscientiousness means that someone who are dependable, responsible, achievement oriented and persistent. Conscientiousness is related to impulse control, but it should not be confused with the problems of impulse control found in neuroticism. People high on neurotic impulsiveness find it difficult to resist temptation or delay gratification. Individuals who are low on conscientious self-discipline are unable to motivate themselves to perform a task that they would like to accomplish. These are conceptually similar but empirically distinct. People who score high on the trait of conscientiousness tend to be more organized and less cluttered in their homes and offices. For example, their books tend to be neatly shelved in alphabetical order, or categorized by topic, rather than scattered around the room. A considerable amount of research indicates that conscientiousness is one of the best predictors of performance in the workplace. Emotion stability is a state of an individual that enables him or her to have appropriate feelings about common experiences and act in a rational manner. The characteristics of a person with emotional stability include relaxed, secure, unworried, confident, easy going and steady. People with this personality will not easily get disturbed , will not get stressed out easily whenever he/she are facing problem and would not worry about things. He/she will have a positive thinking and try to solve the problem with the easy way. On the other hand, those who score low in emotional stability means that he/she is emotional instability or sometimes call neuroticism. They are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as threatening, and minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult. Their negative emotional reactions tend to persist for unusually long periods of time, which means they are often in a bad mood. These problems in emotional regulation can diminish the ability of a person scoring high on neuroticism to think clearly, make decisions, and cope effectively with stress. Openness to experience is used to describe human personality. Openness involves active imagination, aesthetic sensitivity, attentiveness to inner feelings, preference for variety, and intellectual curiosity. A great deal of psychometric research has demonstrated that these qualities are statistically correlated. Thus, openness can be viewed as a global personality trait consisting of a set of specific traits, habits, and tendencies that cluster together. Openness is associated with tolerance of ambiguity (which means when something is not clear), a capacity to absorb information, being very focused and the ability to be aware of more feelings, thoughts and impulses simultaneously. The result is deeper more intense experiences. Open individuals are motivated to seek out the unfamiliar and to look for complexity. After rating myself by using the Five Factor Model Personality Inventory, the score that I get from all the five factor are extraversion=28, agreeableness=33, conscientiousness=26, emotional stability=27 and openness to experience=30. From the score that I get, agreeableness is the best factor to predict my behavior. Agreeableness, like what I mention above, is a tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic toward others. Yes, I am not deny that I am a person like that. I am a compassionate person. I am cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic toward others. I choose to believe what my friend told me. I will never suspect about them. I also choose to be kind to my friend. I will try my best to help them as I can whenever they need me. I am also a softhearted person. Usually, I will forgive those who hurt me after they said sorry to me or maybe they not, but, I will also forgive them after sometime just like nothing happen before. Yet, I am also a person who conformity in group and toward modesty. No wonder what activity I joined, I am just the follower but not the incharge person. My friend, Lau Chen Ee also get his highest score in the agreeableness factor and lowest score in openness to experience factor. We know each other since Form 6, that mean we already be friend for about 4 years. In this 4 years time, I get to know him well. He is a friendly person. He is good to all his friend very well. He not the person that who have a finger in every pie. But, he will show his concern to you when he notice that you are having some problem. Besides that, he is also an optimistic person. I still can remember that, I can always hear his laughing voice all around the school. He seem like does not have anything to fuss over. Exam problem- no, homework problem-no, relationship problem-no! All the qualities that I mention above about him are the quality that I am lack of. I am a person who like to have finger in every pie. I am not an attentive person. I am always think negatively and worried about this worried about that. That is what he are substantially different from me. But, we still have similarity. I will show concern to my friend when they are facing some problem like he does. I am friendly to all my friend like he does. I will take time out to others like he does. I am sympathize to others like he does. Moreover, I like to sing like he does. After doing this Five Factor Model Personality Inventory rating, I get to know all the five personality well and this will help me a lot in how to communicate and to get along with others. This inventory also let me to know myself more deeply and so my friend. How to cite Five Factor Model Personality Inventory, Essay examples

Relative Advantage of the Firm

According to the case study, salton inc. enjoys a great advantage in relation to its suppliers placing it at a strategic advantage with its competitors. This strong relationship with suppliers places it at an upper hand in product development, innovation and branding. Further, the case illustrates that the firm has a strategic advantage due to product sourcing from the cheaper Asian markets, which provides it with the advantage of diversification.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Relative Advantage of the Firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Afuah, a firm gains competitive advantage over its rivals by establishing strong relationship with suppliers and in this case the firm has 50 different suppliers for its products and a long-term relationship with Markpeak ltd (291). Markpeak Ltd, which supplies the firm with 38% of its products, is a reliable and competent supplier. According to Afuah, this advantage places the firm at a strategic market leadership position against its competitors and new entrants. By insisting on short-term supplier contracts, risk aversion is entrenched in sourcing for materials. In addition, the firm stresses on the importance of competitive bidding to gain an upper in sourcing for its products, placing it at an upper hand on margins position by ensuring that merchandize is of high quality. In addition, high quality standards remained a priority (Afuah 292). However, competitors had the disadvantage of slow outsourcing, low volume purchases, translating to high costs and reduced profit margins placing it at a competitive advantage against its competitors. A clear marketing strategy and marketing mix is evident from the above case. Customers on the other hand enjoyed high quality products, appropriately designed for their needs and wants. Further still, the company specialized in a wide range of quality kitchen, home, personal, and beauty care products. Thus, the company’s brand name became a household name, an important concept in marketing. In addition, to beat her competitors, the company specialized in a wide range of products such as shower radios, and espressio/cappuccino products that placed the company’s brand at strategic places in homes serving as an advertising method. Potential new entrants could find it difficulty to penetrate the market due to its strategic position in terms of branding, lowered product cost, good quality products, product differentiation, and good marketing power and unique marketing mix. The firm’s concentration in advertising and marketing, tailor-making products for its customers by addressing their needs and wants, and making the brand name common through superior marketing techniques provides it with a clear lead in the market share.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Distinct offerings of the firm According to the case, the firm offers distinct products specializing in product differentiation, tailor made to meet customer needs and wants. This included healthier and more convenient foods coupled with product diversification. With innovative ingenuity, the food products met the market demands as it were, raking the company in huge profits (Afuah 297). Further, to boost its sales, the firm produced another brand called juiceman. This brand was similar to the original product but with half the characteristics of the original brand. This made record sales. Product differentiation and flexible pricing mechanisms played an important role in gaining and maintaining a strong lead in the market share. Brown asserts that firms have to adopt a unique marketing mix, adopt a unique hard selling concepts and competitive pricing to stay ahead in the market (chapter 2). These points to product diversification, product differentiation, and ta ilor made products to meet customer needs and wants. Pricing Evident from the case study, marketers did enough research in pricing their products in relation to the value obtained by stressing on the importance of flexible pricing techniques. Pindyck asserts that, â€Å"profit-maximizing price-cost margin is inversely related to the firm’s price elasticity of demand† (Pindyck 1). Pindyck further asserts that a firm producing products with interrelated demand must use joint pricing mechanisms for profit maximization by creating a profound effect on sales (Pindyck 9). According to the above case, product diversification is evident, with innovative blending to meet customer needs with different prices and value. Afuah points out that the firm had excellent pricing techniques by creating a pricing strategy and mix, educating consumers, and providing a single price for any of its products through all its retail outlets (Pindyck 294). Works Cited Afuah Allan.Business Models: A strategic Management Approach, University of Michigan  ® McGraw-Hill Irwin Boston Burr Ridge† ,2003. Brown Alex. Working To End Horse Slaughter: 1 March 2010 http://www1.udel.edu/alex/chapt2.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Relative Advantage of the Firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pindyck s. Robert. Microeconomics. 7 ed. prentice hall june 21 2008 This critical writing on Relative Advantage of the Firm was written and submitted by user Shiny Ram to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Glass Ceiling essays

Glass Ceiling essays The glass ceiling is an issue that basically arose from a movement by feminists groups to establish a 50/50 ratio of men to women that hold top executive positions in American firms. The claim was that is was unfair that white males dominated the top positions. Although at the time this was absolutely true and this continues to be the case today. However, the claims by these groups are nothing more than positions without logical facts, and purely anecdotal. On the surface this does seem to be an unfair issue for women and minorities but the unfairness has little to do with the appointing practices of American firms. For example, our text presents the issue in this manner by suggesting that, The problems women and minorities have with winning promotions to senior management positions gave rise to the glass ceiling (Rue and Byars 9). The authors continue by stating the glass ceiling is the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from moving up in the world of business (Rue and Byars 9). In fact, the problem is not an invisible barrier that shrouds corporate America, but a completely separate problem in our society. No one can be naive enough to think some discrimination does not occur in the top hierarchy of American firms. However, it is not the single cause preventing women and minorities from reaching these positions. It can be said that minorities do not reach the top positions equally. However, it is very important to determine the extent of equality. There is a plethora of statistics that indicate this unfair concept in terms of minority pay and positions. The term glass ceiling does not apply to obtaining a certain position. The glass ceiling is an obstacle that must be overcome long before entry into corporate America. For example, statistics found at the Breaking the Glass Ceiling Organization ...

8 Activities to Increase Emotional Vocabulary

8 Activities to Increase Emotional Vocabulary An emotional vocabulary is the collection of words your child uses to express their feelings and reactions to events. Even before they learned to talk, your child was beginning to build an emotional vocabulary. When your child started turning over and couldn’t get from their stomach to their back, you may have responded to their cries with Oh, that’s so frustrating for you! When your child breaks a favorite toy and begins to cry, you probably tell them I understand that you’re sad. And when your child doesn’t get what they want and stomps and yells at you, you likely respond with an I know you’re mad at me. Why is an Emotional Vocabulary Important? Many parents provide words for the strong and common emotions children feel, like happiness, sadness, and anger, but we sometimes overlook the fact that there’s a large and varied vocabulary of emotion. Children need a larger pool of words to draw on to be able to express all their emotions as well as to be able to read the cues that indicate other people’s feelings. Being able to sense and understand the emotions of others is a big part of a child’s social development and social success. If your child can read the emotional cues to get a sense of how other children are responding to their attempts to connect with them, they are more able to respond appropriately. This is the foundation on which the ability to create and maintain friendships is built upon. How Do Kids Develop Emotional Literacy? Together, the skills of identifying their emotions and reading and responding to other people’s emotions combine to create a skill known as emotional intelligence or emotional literacy. It would be nice if the ability to read cues and to respond in a socially appropriate manner was innate, but it’s not. Kids develop emotional literacy by social experience and by being taught. Some children, like children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders, have more difficulty than others learning emotions and need more extensive teaching than others. Activities to Increase Emotional Vocabulary Kids learn via teaching, but they also absorb the lessons that are going on around them. It’s a good idea to begin to talk through your own feelings and reactions with a variety of different words. For example, instead of swearing at the computer screen when it freezes, take a cleansing breath and say, I’m so frustrated this keeps happening. I’m worried I won’t get my work done on time if I can’t fix it. The Goal  of Activities:  To help your child identify and name a variety of different emotions.Skills Targeted:  Emotional intelligence, verbal communication,  social skills. There are many other ways you can help your child increase their emotional literacy. Make a Big List of Feelings:  Grab a really big piece of paper and a marker and sit down with your child to brainstorm all the feelings you can think of. Your list may include emotions your child doesn’t recognize, but that’s okay. Make the face that goes with the feeling and explain a situation in which that feeling may come up.Add feeling noises to your Big List of Feelings: Children don’t always know how to identify an emotion by word, but they may know the sounds that accompany them. For example, your child may not know the word worried, but they may know that uh-oh or the sound of air sucked in through your teeth goes with that same feeling. Try to stump your child by providing a sound that can be paired with a number of emotions, like a sigh that is associated with fatigued, sad, frustrated and irritated.Read books: Literacy and emotional literacy don’t have to be taught separately. There are many great books that specifically explore emotions, bu t you can find feelings in any story you read. When you’re reading to your child, ask them to help you figure out what the main character is feeling in certain situations. Use the pictures and the plot as clues to help. Play Emotional Charades: This is a fun game to play with your child. One of you picks an emotion to convey to the other, using either your whole body or just your face. If your child is having trouble making sense of the faces, give them a mirror, ask them to make the same face as you and look in the mirror. They may be able to see the feeling on their face better than on yours.Change up the Happy and You Know It Song: Add new verses to this familiar song, using new emotions. For example, try If you’re agreeable, and you know it say okay.Make a Feelings Collage: Give your child some paper, scissors, glue, and old magazines. You can either provide a list of feelings that they need to find faces to match or have them make a collage of faces and tell you what the emotions are. When theyre done, label the emotions and hang the collage somewhere where it can be easily accessed.Keep a Feelings Journal: A feelings journal is a good way for your child to keep track of their emotions a nd the situations in which they feel them. Role-play and review: One of the best ways to increase emotional vocabulary is to role-play or to create social narratives. Come up with scenarios your child might encounter and have them act out how they might act and react. Alongside role-playing comes reviewing. Go over situations that didn’t end well, examine the emotions of the people involved, and talk with your child about what could have been done differently. Resources and Further Reading Aliki. Feelings. Springbourne, 1997.Bang, Molly. When Sophie Gets Angry⠁  - Really, Really Angry. CNIB, 2013.Cain, Janan. The Way I Feel. Scholastic, 2001.Crary, Elizabeth, and Jean Whitney. Im Excited. Parenting, 1994.Crary, Elizabeth, and Jean Whitney. Im Frustrated. Parenting, 1992.Crary, Elizabeth, and Jean Whitney. Im Furious. Parenting, 1994.Crary, Elizabeth, and Jean Whitney. Im Mad. Parenting, 1993.Crary, Elizabeth, and Jean Whitney. Im Proud. Parenting, 1992.Crary, Elizabeth, and Jean Whitney. Im Scared. Parenting, 1994.Curtis, Jamie Lee, and Laura Cornell. Today I Feel Silly Other Moods That Make My Day. HarperCollins, 2012.Emberley, Ed, and Anne Miranda. Glad Monster, Sad Monster: A Book about Feelings. LB Kids, 2008.Geisel, Theodor Seuss. My Many Colored Days. Knopf, 1998.Kaiser, Cecily, and Cary Pillo. If Youre Angry and You Know It! Scholastic/Cartwheel, 2005.Moser, Adolph, and Melton David. Dont Feed the Monster on Tuesdays! Landmark Editions, Inc., 1991.Simoneau, D. K., and Brad Cornelius. Were Having a Tuesday. AC Publications Group, 2006.

The Greenhouse Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Greenhouse Effect - Essay Example Different greenhouse gases have different capabilities to trap heat. Some of the gases can prevent more heat from escaping than an equivalent amount of Carbon dioxide. The warming effect of a methane molecule is 20 times more than a molecule of carbon dioxide. Chlorofluorocarbons and other gases have a thousand times of heat-trapping potential than carbon dioxide. However, the concentrations of these gases are much lower than carbon dioxide. Therefore, Carbon dioxide topples all greenhouse gases in warming the atmosphere. Natural sources of global warming gases are relatively few when compared to their human-made sources. They include volcanic eruption that releases sulfur-based gases, dump, and swamps that release methane, activities of soil bacteria, and oceans. Before the ushering in of industrialization, there was a balance between the production of carbon dioxide from natural sources and absorption of the same gas by natural sinks like forests and oceans. However, industrializat ion resulted in new sources of carbon dioxide without providing sinks to absorb the released gases. Therefore, there was an overall buildup of carbon (IV) Oxide in the air, and consequently, the accumulation is increasing with continued industrialization. The ultimate result of the greenhouse effect of global warming is a threat to human life and lives of other living things. Therefore, human beings need to realize that they should urgently solve this issue. Any delay and lack of seriousness will further endanger lives on planet earth.

Emersons Love in Retrospect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emersons Love in Retrospect - Essay Example He writes in Experience that life is "a train of moods like a string of beads," through which we see only what lies in each bead's focus. He knew that there is no need for us to apply critical thinking so that we may comprehend the meaning of a soulful glance between two persons. Though love cannot be quantified, it can be understood almost naturally because every wants to love and be loved and seeing someone loving generates profound interest and fondness from them. Seeing love induces us to a mood of love and euphoria itself. Out of all many love stories which I have encountered on different forms of media, it is the story contained in the film Titanic that I have greatly appreciated. Gracing movie theatres in 1997, the film tells the ill-fated love story of Jack Dawson (Leonardo DiCaprio) and Rose DeWitt Bukater (Kate Winslett) set against the sinking of the RMS Titanic in her maiden voyage. Rose, unyielding to the fate of having upper class Caledon Hockley as her future husband, falls into a relationship with charming and adventurous but lower class Jack. The intensity of their love can be shown in the way they look at each other's eyes. Take for example the still from the film shown. In this picture, we see the melding of the passion and emotions that burns from deep within them. The way they held each other's arms arouses a cornucopia of feelings and thought that I have felt when I experienced love.

The Leadership Of Sonia Gandhi

The Leadership Of Sonia Gandhi Leadership is an influencing process between the leader and the followers which can be achieved by organization objectives through change. There is no universal definition for a Leadership, it is complex; it can be studied in different situation. For this assignment I have chosen a Sonia Gandhi as my leader, The world known as Sonia Gandhi born on 9th December1946 as an Edvige Antonia Albina Maino at Lusiana,Italy and grew up as older daughter of her parents. She live a normal life in a Lusiana in roman catholic family and attended a catholic school (BBC News, 2009[1]).Her story started when their parents send her for study English at the Bell educational trust language school in the city of Cambridge where she meet Rajiv Gandhi in a Greek restaurant in 1965 (Glen Owen and Nick Meo, 2004[8]), where she was working and they fall in love at first sight. Rajiv Gandhi was enrolled as an engineering student at Trinity College at university of Cambridge. According to Peter Popham, 1999[4], against her father objection she went to India and got married in 1968 and move to her mother-in-law house Indira Gandhi who was consider as The First Lady in India. As her husband does not have any hunger for the politics but the accidental killing of his brother sucked into the politics in the year 1980 an d the killing of his mother bring him in the highest office in 1984. Sonia Gandhi never wanted her husband in the politics but the vortex bring Rajiv in the politics, the reason for her oppose was that she fears that her husband will be killed same her mother had been. The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 stays her away from the politics in spite of so many requests from the congress party member. According to Christopher Thomas, 1991[7], after her husband death in 1991 she made herself away from the Indian politics but in spite of request by the congress leader she refuse to stay away from the Indian politics. The request of the party member to join Sonia Gandhi to congress was as they believe that she can romp the power on the base of sympathy, and the party will plaster her image to get the sympathy vote from the people of India. According to Christopher Thomas, 1991[8] her husband was not also a natural politician, but a polite, shy personality but acts he was a reluctant t ouch barer for his party and after his death his wife Sonia Gandhi was offered that touch to enlightens who never have any interest in politics nor attempted to act as a welding any political powers. According to Daniel Lak, 1998[5] Sonia Gandhi joined congress party in 1998 because the unity was under threat and the resignation from many of the senior congress leaders from the past years. She started her political career in 1998 from the same place where her husband was killed Sriperumbudur a palace near Tamil Nadu (Now Chennai) in India. According to Peter Phoham, 2004[6] during her maiden speech in 1999 election she readout her speech partly in English and party in Hindi .The election was disastrous for the congress party not due to the lackluster new leader but due to the congress worn out its image due to the corruption scandals, sharing of power internally and too arrogant to share the power with the smaller parties in the past which results again lost for congress party in th e general election 1999 ,(Associated Press,1999[10]).Some of the senior member blaming her Italian origin for one of the cause of party defeat in the election of 1999,a uprising situation within her party. After the defeat of 1999 general election and the rebellion against her in her party boost her and she was listening of her inner voice. Her next planning was to restore the unity and harmony in the party, she started working strategically with the party member for the next election and the entry of her son in the politics boosts her strength. She never thinks to become a prime minister but to strength the inner structure of the party. (Luke Harding, 2000[9]) the entry of Sonia Gandhi and the defeat of congress party in 1999 election critics Sonia Gandhi leadership qualities, many of the party member do not have a trust on the new leader and they alliances with the rival party. They believe that she might imitate like Indira Gandhi which was consider as an authoritarian style of l eadership. According to Mark Ellis, 2004[24] During the 2004 Election her tireless campaigning and due to her believe in her party attract crowds toward herself campaigning on the basic issue of water, electricity and sanitary and also made herself popular help to win the general election of 2004, according to Stephen khan, 2004[12] she turn down from the post of first lady after a tremendous win on the general election of 2004 and in spite of the requested by the party member she leave side the thrown ,after congress party selected Dr. Manmohan Singh as a Prime Minister of India in 2004.According to Michael Sheridan,2005[25] Dr. Manmohan Singh is a brilliant economic reformer but the actual control was in the hand of Sonia Gandhi, Mr. Singh plan to open the Indian rigid economy but the control button in the hand of stalwarts Sonia Gandhi. Mr. Singh Proposed privatization but she vetoed them, there are some rivalries but both communicate with each other with complete understanding. Now her target was to win the general election of 2009, This time she introduce so many grandstand scheme for the poor people which includes the debt waiver for thirty million poor farmers, a massive job creation scheme for the rural unemployed peoples, According to Jeremy Page, 2008[26] the 225 million pound project of railway carriage which can generate a ten thousand job opportunities for the rural peoples. The congress was talking about the welfare for the poor people but UPA Government led by Sonia Gandhi and the Mr. Singh also was watching the inflation rose. In the Year 2008 the inflation has rose to 7.8 % it was the major alarm for the government. The Reserve Bank of India has a comfort level of 5 % (Financial Times, 2008[27]) the solution for this is not lies on the short term monetary policies but for the long term promote for agriculture productivities, energy efficiencies and the restructure for the transport systems, meantime Congress under the leadership of Sonia Gandh i to stop their rival opposition BJP party not to gain momentum. After above all analyses the situation the question arises that what is her leadership capabilities to stay in so long in a power and managed to be the most powerful women of the world at Forbes 2009 list. (Heidi Brown, 2009[31]) Key Capabilities of Sonia Gandhi: In order to analyze the key capabilities of Sonia Gandhi, we need to analyze how effective she is? In order to answer this question we need to find the key capabilities which made her effective leader from 1999 onwards in Indian politics. According to Len Sperry, 2002 [28] Effective leaders are those which are more concern for the needs of their organization and their community beyond their own needs. They are more concern for balancing personal development for their follower and themselves. According to Kouzes and Posner, 2007[29] a exemplary leader are those which clarify the values, set examples, leads by example, envision the future, search for opportunities, experiment and take risk, create the climate of trust, strengths their followers, recognize contributions and celebrate the values and victories. They create the climate to turn opportunities into success. According to Fielder and Chemers,1974[30] analyze the performance of a leader in the situations in which they lead.They develop a frame work based on contingency theory in which leadership style are described as task motivated those concern with reaching a goal and Relationship Motivated those concern with developing close interpersonal relationship. According to Christopher Early and Elaine Mosakowski, 2004, analyze the cultural intelligence in which a person understand the other person culture and later adjust accordingly. There are three sources for it cognitive, physical, and emotional. The person those are motivated, alert toward the problems and poised to understand can able to attain the acceptable Cultural intelligent. Now I am going to analyze the strength and the weakness of Sonia Gandhi: Leadership Strength of Sonia Gandhi: Sonia Gandhi definitely a transactional leader style, when she joins the congress party there was lack of leadership. Ability to Learn from her mistake, the major defeat by their opposition in election of 1999 thats allow her to learn her mistakes and help her party members to win the general election in 2004 and 2009.The Mistake which she meet in the electoral of 1999 by standing herself as a prime minister candidates in an anti Hindu nationalist.(Ray Marceleno,2003[11]) Sonia Gandhi is a Christian and to succeed Hindu dominated country like India she response with circumspection and cunning by pilgrimage to Hindu sites.(The Independent, The (London, England)/Financial Times,1999[2]) Power and Position is not the aim for her. After the astonishing victory in 2004,she turn down as a prime minister.(Stephen Khan,2004[12]) Sonia Gandhi is more courageous Torchbearer in the Nehru dynasty. Build the Party Image, after astonishing Victory twice in Indian History; she is indirectly serving the country. (James Lamount, 2009[13]). Sonia Gandhi was the architecture for the congress party help to win the election in 2004.She motivates demoralized party into a compiling zeal and defeats the Hindu nationalist party in the general election.(James Lamont,2008[14]) She has a good Communication skills, a person mould herself from Italian origin to Indian land is one of the difficult task, as meeting with a people in village where Hindi is the only source of language and she work on her language skills and win the election twice. She has a good negotiating skills, After the general election of 2004,she negotiated with the secular parties in order to conciliate the secular front to successfully formed the government.(Irish Times,2004[15]) She has very hard working person, her tireless Champaign in the sweltering heat for her party, and the wining in the election proves that she is not a handicap in spite of others believe in her Italian Heritage.(David Orr,2004[19]) The selection of Dr.Manmohan Singh for the second time in 2009 as a prime minister candidate without any internal debates indicate her strength for power and control over the government.(Economist Intelligence Unit Views Wire News Analysis (England),2008[17]. Leadership Weakness of Sonia Gandhi: The is so many instance of Sonia Gandhi leadership weaknesses, one of the instance is that the entry of his son Rahul Gandhi in the Indian politics at one side he is a strength for her but on the other it create a feeling of nepotism which is a leadership weakness and all the party member is treating him as a future prime minister. Some time power and position control by others make so many wrong decision, She refuses the prime minister seat and put in place a her behest Dr.Manmohan Singh to the prime minister seat but indirectly controlling all the decision for the prime minister post. The nuclear deal between Indian and America is one of the good examples for this. (Economic Intelligence unit View Wire News Analysis (England), 2007[16]) The turn down from the prime minister post also indicate her weakness of fear to get assassinate, The mother in law and her husband those assassinated during their highest office in India. The fear to get assignation might be one of the reason to get down from the post of Prime minister.(Newsletter (Belfast, Northern Ireland),2004[18]) She pointed out so many problems and if government overcomes this entire problem can able to make better India, but till now government as not yet started to work on these projects. This shows that as a leader she identifies the problem with no solution. This is also one of her weakness.(Financial Times,2006[20]) Analysis of Leadership capabilities and style of Sonia Gandhi: To Analysis of different capabilities of Sonia Gandhi, first of all need to understand the characteristic of Her Leadership Style: She is more focus on a social cause. She is more dedicated to her Husband dream to build a modern India. She is dutiful toward the Congress party and especially depends on the party decision. When working alone she is more dedicated toward her husband cause and the Mother -in-law cause in her mind to her safety and agreement. Sonia Gandhi attributes transactional leadership style of Reward e.g. Many of the follower getting position in her ministry of government formation like Dr.Manmohan Singh as a Prime minister as two consecutive Period, P.Chitabaram as a Union Minister of Home Affair and many others get reward in term of position and money and punishments to them if they do not obey to them in terms of recent News of replacement of chief minister of Maharashtra Chhagan Bhujpal and Mr. Suresh Kalmadi CEO of Common Wealth Game. According to D.Golleman, 2001[23] Extraordinary leader has different way of directing their group, some of them are analytical, others are charismatic and can go with their gut. Their leadership type depends upon the situation. The effective leader has high degree of emotional intelligence. It is a kind of sin quo non for a leadership. The emotional intelligence not only distinguishes from extraordinary leader but also link to outstanding performance. Research also proves that the right approach can develop their emotional intelligent. Thus in order to analyze the Sonia Gandhi emotional intelligent with the five components at works are as follows: Self Awareness: This is the capabilities of a person for realistic self assessment. Sonia Gandhi has a high self awareness as she know that her Italian nationality will affect if she go for the prime minister post, it was also her self-awareness that she will be targeted like husband and her mother in-law if she will stay in the highest office. Self Regulation: This is the ability of self control. As Sonia Gandhi has a high self control as one of the reason for her success. There are many instances where her Italian birth created a problem but with her trustworthiness and integrity she architect the party situation and make strong in the general election for 2004 and 2009,And with the self control she make a place in the heart of all Indian and proves that she is loyal to the country and her party. Motivation: It is a passion beyond money and status to achieve success. Sonia Gandhi is highly motivated with her party, during the general election for 2004 she attended three to four companying in a day. When the future of the party was in danger she joins the party and her passion to success and believe in the people, analyze the basic problem which help party to win the election. Empathy: This is the ability to understand the emotion of the others people. In term of Sonia Gandhi this empathy is lacking somewhere, in spite of the party member request to become the Prime minister she listens to her inner voice. Social Skills: This is the ability of a person to make friendliness and pursue to move in their direction. It is building and leading a team. The above three component which includes self awareness, self regulation and motivation is all about the self managerial skills and the other two components of empathy and social skill is more about the peoples ability to manage the team. But the control of Sonia on the party is more than the social skills; it is more sense to say that it is a respect as a torchbearer of Nehru Dynasty in the party member than the friendliness which peruses them to achieve their objective. Conclusion: The above evidence of Sonia Gandhi leadership style conclude that some time situation can develop a leadership quality in spite it is not your birth palace, sometime the vortex can throw into the politics and you have to control it effectively. The same situation is with Sonia Gandhi in which she started as a leader for Congress, a country in which Hindi is the First language , A country which is dominated by the Hindus and a person of Christian origin, A country having a one of the complex democracy in the world, obligation on her Italian origin, The tragedy of assassination of her mother in-law and her husband when they are at their highest office of the country which was not an easy task but with her charismatic style she made it, The entry of her in the politics and disastrous lost of her party in that election, revolt against her in the party, believe of few of the party member that she might be imitate as a Indira Gandhi which was consider as a authoritarian style of leadership qualities, A lady which is treated as sphinx after the marriage till the death of her husband. In spite of so many difficulties, lack of experience, she was motivated with her husband dream and decided to not to give up so easily, she is able to manage and learn from the past mistake, effectively response with the situation and with her transactional leadership style she architects the Congress party and shows a new direction to the country with her leadership qualities. She proves herself as a true Indian. But the entry of her son one side boost her political career but same time it is a feeling of nepotism factor toward her son, also the nuclear deal with USA is one of her weakness which will affect the development of the country in future. According to Len Sperry, 2002 effective leader are those which can balance the personal development their followers and themselves. Effective leaders have a high degree of emotional intelligence of five components at works research by D.Golema n, 2001,Sonia Gandhi have high degree of self awareness, self regulation and motivation but she is lacking in empathy and social skills which is a very crucial for herself as a effective leadership. 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Allelopathic Effect of S. Macrophylla on the Growth of V. Radiata Seedlings

Allelopathic effect of S. macrophylla on the growth of V. radiata seedlings Thea Philea I. Mostralesa, Greeny Joy A. Perucho, Rhoshela Vi C. Rendon, John Gregor A. Rono, Emmerson P. Rullog, Riffcord R-Denz M. Tabula Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City (a Thea Philea I. Mostrales, e-mail: theaphilea. [email  protected] com) ABSTRACT Swietenia macrophylla, or commonly known as the mahogany tree in the Philippines, is an introduced species of the family Meliaceae that is commonly used for lumber and reforestation projects.However, based on studies, it is shown that the mahogany tree has inhibitory effects that affect adjacent growing plants. This is made possible chemically and is referred to generally as allelopathy. This study aimed to determine is S. macrophylla had any adverse effects to the growth of plants in close proximity to it. The researchers selected three mahogany trees and planted six plots of differeing distances with each plot containing ten monggo seedlings.The results obtained indicate that there is no significant difference between the growth of monggo seedlings growing near the mahogany tree to that of monggo seedling growing near the control tree based on the analysis done on the seedlings’ height, weight and survival rate. Results also indicate that distance of the seedlings from the S. macrophylla has no effect on the intensity of inhibition of the growth of the V. radiata.The results obtained can be attributed to factors that include the texture of soil, fine-textures soil having been proven to have a greater retention capacity of allelochemicals than coarse-textures soils. Also, allelopathic interactions include both promontory and inhibitory activities of phenolic allelochemicals and thus using seed germination as a bioassay parameter may be of little value. KEY WORDS: Swietenia macrophylla, allelopathy, growth of monggo seedlings, inhibitory effect of mahogany, introduced species INTRODUCTIONBACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Swietenia macrophylla, commonly known in the Philippines as mahogany, is a member of the order Sapindales, under family Meliaceae. It is a large, fast-growing, semi-evergreen tree, popular for landscaping, especially in North American and Carribean countries, where it has a vulnerable status as provided by CITES (Oldfield 1995), and for its strong wood for lumber. This tree was first introduced in the Philippines as early as 1907, and 1913 as part of the Mt. Makiling forest.It is currently used in the Philippines as a lumber tree and utilized in many reforestation projects. However, studies have shown that however beneficial S. macrophylla may be to the Philippine economy and to its environment, it also displays adverse effects to the Philippine wildlife. As a recently introduced species, the said tree has been unable to produce a natural web of life around it; there are no natural consumers of mahogany in the country, an d as such, the area around the tree will not be populated by native fauna immediately.It is also suspected that mahogany leaves contain allelopathic compounds. In a study conducted by P. Thinley in 2002, it was shown that S. macrophylla leaves inhibited the growth of Pterocarpus indicus. Allelopathic compounds inhibit growth and development of other plants when introduced to them. Allelopathy is the production of a certain plant of such compounds and should not to be confused with competition, which may or may not involve allelopathy. Allelopathy is common in the plant kingdom, spread out in random fashion across orders.Some plants are deemed invasive due to their allelopathic nature and mahogany trees are not exempt. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The study aimed to determine if S. macrophylla can adversely affect the growth of plants in close proximity to it and specifically sought to answer the following questions: 1) Does mahogany affect the growth of newly planted seedlings based on the seedlings’ height and weight? 2) Is there a significant difference between the growth of seedlings within the proximity of the mahogany tree to that of seedlings within the proximity of a different tree? ) Is there a significant difference between the survival rate of the seedlings within the proximity of the mahogany to that of seedlings within the proximity of a different tree? HYPOTHESIS The mahogany tree has no effect on the growth of newly planted seedlings. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study aimed to determine the effect of the mahogany tree on the growth of monggo seedlings based solely on the seedlings’ weight and height after a specified amount of time.Other possible factors that might affect the growth of the seedlings like availability of sunlight, presence of possible predators and competition with other plants in the vicinity were not included and was not accounted for in the analysis of the data obtained. MATERIALS & METHODS The researchers used monggo (Vigna radiata) as the subject plant. A frequent model plant for laboratory work in Philippine schools, V. radiata is known to be easily grown, requires little maintenance and is fast-growing, which makes it ideal for an experiment limited to a few weeks.Monggo seeds were allowed to germinate by soaking the seeds overnight. Three mahogany trees located along Beta Way in the University of the Philippines Diliman Campus were chosen based on their proximity to other trees. Since competition with other flora could affect the results, it was made sure that the mahogany trees were at least three meters away from the other trees. They were marked as T1, T2 and T3. An acacia tree, Samanea saman, with similar conditions to the experimental trees, particularly to its proximity to other trees, was chosen as the control tree and was marked as T0.To standardize the direction of planting on each tree, angles of 200 east of north and 200 west of south were used to mark radii of 3m each on the north and south side of the tree, respectively. The plots were cleaned and cleared of grass and other flora. Each radius was divided equally into three segments on each segment 10 monggo seeds were planted with a 10cm-interval per seed. Seeds planted on the north side were labelled as N1, N2 and N3 for segments positioned 1m, 2m and 3m away from the tree respectively.The labelling system was used for the south segments. The seeds were uprooted on the 9th day. Seedlings from the same segment were grouped together. The heights of the seedlings were measured using a ruler from the apex of its leaves to the tip of the roots. To standardize the measurement of the height of the seedlings, the roots were cut off at the point where the taproot has become soft and fibrous. The seedlings were then weighed using a top-loading balance. The averages of the height and weight of each segment were then determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSwietenia macrophylla is known to have inhibitory effec ts that affect adjacent growing plants. This is made possible chemically and is referred to generally as allelopathy. â€Å"The term allelopathy was coined by Molisch in 1937 to refer to biochemical interactions between all types of plants, including microorganisms traditionally placed in the plant kingdom†(Waller 1987). It is defined by Rice (1984) as any direct or indirect beneficial or harmful effect of one plant, including microorganisms, on the other through release of chemicals to the environment.Phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, fatty acids, steroids and many other different secondary metabolites can act as allechemicals (Rice 1984; Waller 1987; Inderjit et al. 1995). â€Å"However, the mere presence of these chemicals does not establish allelopathy, to demonstrate their involvement in allelopathy, it is important to establish 1)their direct release or indirect origin from plant-derived materials in the environment and 2) that the chemicals are present in sufficient quantities and persist for a sufficient time in soil to affect plant species or microbes† (Putnam & Tang 1986).Allelopathy is different to competition; the latter defined as the removal or reduction of factors from the environment which are vital to survivability, by some other plant or microorganism sharing the same habitat. Allelopathic chemicals, or allelochemicals, are released by higher plants through several mechanisms. These are volatilization, exudation from roots, leaching from leaves or stem by rain,dew or fog, and from decomposition of residues that contain the allelochemicals. Low molecular weight allelochemicals such as those belonging to terpenes are dispersed by volatilization.Nonvolatile allelochemicals such as alkaloids accumulate on plant surface and find their way to the soil by being leached by rainwater. Allelochemicals secreted through root exudation are of several classes. Some are alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, and many other types. Al lelochemicals not directly secreted by the plant, in which some pigments are an example, but reach the soil by being released through the decomposition of the plant part that contains them (Leicach et al 2009). In the S. acrophylla, allelochemicals are released by the decomposition of leaf litter. S. macrophylla leaves are a source of tannins, which is evident on the reddish brown color of the dry leaves. Tannins are phenolic compounds that also function as an allelochemical. In February, mature S. macrophyllatrees shed their leaves, which will start to decompose on the ground and consequently release tannins from the cells. Aqueous extracts from the leaves of the S. macrophylla has been shown to retard the growth of Pterocarpus indicuss eedlings (Thinley 2002). Several hydrolysable and condensed tannins were identified as growth and germination inhibitors in dry fruit, growth retarders of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in several plants, and as reducers of seedling growth in several plan ts† (Waller 1987). According to the data and the statistical analyses, the Swietenia macrophylla has no significant effect to the height, weight and survival rate of the Vigna radiate seedlings compared to height, weight and survival rate of the seedlings planted near the Samanea saman. The inhibitory effects exhibited by the S. acrophylla may have been too little or inconsistent to cause a significant change on the growth of the seedlings throughout the duration of the experiment. The compared values of the height, weight and survival rate of seedlings planted near the S. macrophyllaand S. saman are shown in table 1, table 2, and table 3 respectively. The effectiveness of allelochemicals produced by S. macrophylla may have been affected by certain factors. Tannins have been shown to be bound by the humic material I of the soil and presumably inactivated (Waller 1987).The texture of soil has been proved to affect the effectiveness of allelochemicals, favouring fine-textured th an coarse-textured soil, and evidence indicates that the greater retention capacity of fine-textured soils for at least some allelochemicals may be important in the accumulation of physiologically active concentrations of these chemicals (Waller 1987). This may have been the factor that reduced the effects of the allelochemicals involved in our experiment, owing to the beta way’s coarser soil composition. It is also proven that allelochemicals are decomposed in the soil, either abiotically or by microorganisms (Waller 1987).It is also observed that distance of the seedlings from the S. macrophylla has no effect on the intensity of inhibition of the growth of the V. radiata. The effect of distance to the height, weight and survival rate of the seedlings is seen in table 4, table 5 and table 6 respectively. This observation may have resulted from the mechanism in which the allelopathic tannins are dispersed. On the site of the study, the leaf litter covering the soil surroundin g the tree also covered to plots, which meant that the plots may have received variable amounts of allelochemicals as these leached when rains fell.The type of experimentation done was also a factor in investigating the inhibitory effects of allelochemicals. Authors argue whether seed germination is an efficient test in finding out allelopathic potential of phenolic compounds; seed germination is an important parameter for evaluating allelopathic potential of phenolic compounds (Rice, 1984; Waller, 1987), However, using seed germination as a bioassay parameter may be of little value (Stowe, 1979; Inderjit & Dakshini, 1995a). This is because allelopathic interactions include both promontory and inhibitory activities of phenolic allelochemicals.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to the following who contributed with the completion of this research: * First of all, to the Almighty God, to whom the researchers dedicate this research study. * To their families and friends who served as their inspirations and the source of very much needed support. * Ms. Lillian Jennifer Rodriguez, for her support and guidance and for lending us pink ribbons for our experiment. * Mr. James LaFrankie, for his contribution to the success of this research study. CONTRIBUTION OF INDIVIDUAL AUTHORSThea Philea Mostrales – Analysis of data, abstract of paper, SP proper Greeny Joy Perucho – Introduction and Methodology of paper, SP proper Rhoshela Vi Rendon – Analysis of data, tables, SP proper John Gregor Rono – Results and discussion of paper, SP proper Emmerson Rullog – Introduction and Methodology, SP proper Riffcord R-Denz Tabula – Results and discussion, SP proper REFERENCES Leicach, S. R. , Sampietro D. A. , Narwal, S. S. , â€Å"Allelochemicals: Role in Plant Environment Interaction†, Studium Press 2009 â€Å"Plant phenolics in allelopathy. † The Botanical Review. New York Botanical Garden. 996. HighBeam Research. 4 April 2013 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 4 April 2013 Thinley P. 2002. â€Å"Negative interaction between large leaf mahogany (*Swietenia macrophylla  King) and some indigenous tree secies in lowland forest of Mt. Makiling – allelopathy, a possible cause? †Ã‚  Unpublished B. S. Forestry Thesis, UPLB-CFNR. Waller, G. R. , â€Å"Allelochemicals: Role in Agriculture and Forestry†, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 1987 TABLES Table 1. Independent Samples T-test of the Height of Monggo Plants at 0. 05 significance level | Levene's Test for Equality of Variances| t-test for Equality of Means| | F| Sig. | t| df| Sig. (2-tailed)| Mean Difference| Std. Error Difference| 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference| | | | | | | | | Lower| Upper| height| Equal variances assumed| . 167| . 704| . 737| 4| . 502| 1. 000428290| 1. 357522153| -2. 768657 448| 4. 769514028| | Equal variances not assumed| | | . 737| 3. 900| . 503| 1. 000428290| 1. 357522153| -2. 807242567| 4. 808099147| Table 2.Independent Samples T-test of the Weight of Monggo Plants at 0. 05 significance level | Levene's Test for Equality of Variances| t-test for Equality of Means| | F| Sig. | t| df| Sig. (2-tailed)| Mean Difference| Std. Error Difference| 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference| | | | | | | | | Lower| Upper| weight| Equal variances assumed| . 344| . 589| -. 445| 4| . 679| -. 006665782| . 014968143| -. 048224010| . 034892446| | Equal variances not assumed| | | -. 445| 3. 819| . 680| -. 006665782| . 014968143| -. 049013784| . 035682220| Table 3. Independent Samples T-test of the Survival Rate of Monggo Plants at 0. 5 significance level | Levene's Test for Equality of Variances| t-test for Equality of Means| | F| Sig. | t| df| Sig. (2-tailed)| Mean Difference| Std. Error Difference| 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference| | | | | | | | | Lower| U pper| weight| Equal variances assumed| . 344| . 589| -. 445| 4| . 679| -. 006665782| . 014968143| -. 048224010| . 034892446| | Equal variances not assumed| | | -. 445| 3. 819| . 680| -. 006665782| . 014968143| -. 049013784| . 035682220| Table 4. ANOVA of the Height of Monggo Plants at 0. 05 significance level | Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | Between Groups| 14. 889| 2| 7. 44| 4. 598| . 062*| Within Groups| 9. 715| 6| 1. 619| | | Total| 24. 604| 8| | | | *no significant difference Table 5. ANOVA of the Weight of Monggo Plants at 0. 05 significance level | Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | Between Groups| . 003| 2| . 001| 1. 960| . 221*| Within Groups| . 005| 6| . 001| | | Total| . 008| 8| | | | *no significant difference Table 6. ANOVA of the Survival Rate of Monggo Plants at 0. 05 significance level | Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | Between Groups| . 011| 2| . 005| . 487| . 637*| Within Groups| . 065| 6| . 011| | | Total| . 076| 8| | | | *no significa nt differenceTable 7. Average Height, Weight, and Survival Rate of Monggo Plants Tree| Distance from tree (m)| Height (cm)| Weight (g)| Survival Rate| T0| 1| 16. 67| 0. 2361| 0. 9| | 2| 15. 49| 0. 2347| 0. 95| | 3| 13. 15| 0. 2074| 0. 95| T1| 1| 16. 21| 0. 2255| 1. 0| | 2| 17. 02| 0. 2567| 0. 75| | 3| 16. 73| 0. 2380| 0. 75| T2| 1| 13. 00| 0. 1688| 0. 8| | 2| 18. 99| 0. 2553| 0. 85| | 3| 16. 55| 0. 2340| 1. 0| T3| 1| 14. 22| 0. 1884| 0. 95| | 2| 16. 86| 0. 1928| 0. 9| | 3| 15. 07| 0. 2183| 0. 9| T0 = controlled tree: S. saman T1 = 1st replicate of S. macrophylla T2 =2nd replicate of S. macrophylla T3 = 3rd replicate of S. macrophylla